[RHCSA] 05 – Create and configure file systems

05.1 – Create, mount, unmount, and use vfat, ext4, and xfs file systems

Overview

Creating, mounting, unmounting, and using different file systems is a fundamental skill for system administration. This guide covers VFAT, EXT4, and XFS file systems, which are commonly used in Linux environments.

Creating File Systems

VFAT (FAT32)

VFAT is commonly used for compatibility with Windows systems and removable media.

Create a VFAT File System

sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1

EXT4

EXT4 is a widely used Linux file system known for its performance and reliability.

Create an EXT4 File System

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

XFS

XFS is a high-performance file system suitable for large files and high-capacity storage.

Create an XFS File System

sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1

Mounting File Systems

Create a Mount Point

Before mounting a file system, create a directory to serve as the mount point.

sudo mkdir /mnt/mydata

Mount the File System

Mount VFAT

sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /mnt/mydata

Mount EXT4

sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/mydata

Mount XFS

sudo mount -t xfs /dev/sdb1 /mnt/mydata

Verify the Mount

Check if the file system is mounted:

df -h /mnt/mydata

Sample Output:

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb1       100G   1G   99G   1%  /mnt/mydata

Unmounting File Systems

Unmount the File System

To unmount a file system, use the umount command:

sudo umount /mnt/mydata

Verify the Unmount

Ensure the file system is no longer mounted:

df -h /mnt/mydata

Using File Systems

VFAT

Create a Directory:

sudo mkdir /mnt/mydata/vfat_dir

Copy Files:

sudo cp /path/to/file /mnt/mydata/vfat_dir/

EXT4

Create a Directory:

sudo mkdir /mnt/mydata/ext4_dir

Copy Files:

sudo cp /path/to/file /mnt/mydata/ext4_dir/

XFS

Create a Directory:

sudo mkdir /mnt/mydata/xfs_dir

Copy Files:

sudo cp /path/to/file /mnt/mydata/xfs_dir/

Making Mounts Permanent

To ensure file systems are mounted at boot, add entries to /etc/fstab.

Edit `/etc/fstab`

sudo nano /etc/fstab

Add Entries

VFAT

/dev/sdb1  /mnt/mydata  vfat  defaults  0  0

EXT4

/dev/sdb1  /mnt/mydata  ext4  defaults  0  0

XFS

/dev/sdb1  /mnt/mydata  xfs  defaults  0  0

Apply Changes

Mount all file systems listed in /etc/fstab:

sudo mount -a

Practical Examples

Example 1: Create and Use a VFAT File System

Create a VFAT File System:

sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1

Create a Mount Point:

sudo mkdir /mnt/vfat_data

Mount the File System:

sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /mnt/vfat_data

Copy Files:

sudo cp /path/to/file /mnt/vfat_data/

Unmount the File System:

sudo umount /mnt/vfat_data

Example 2: Create and Use an EXT4 File System

Create an EXT4 File System:

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

Create a Mount Point:

sudo mkdir /mnt/ext4_data

Mount the File System:

sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ext4_data

Copy Files:

sudo cp /path/to/file /mnt/ext4_data/

Unmount the File System:

sudo umount /mnt/ext4_data

Example 3: Create and Use an XFS File System

Create an XFS File System:

sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1

Create a Mount Point:

sudo mkdir /mnt/xfs_data

Mount the File System:

sudo mount -t xfs /dev/sdb1 /mnt/xfs_data

Copy Files:

sudo cp /path/to/file /mnt/xfs_data/

Unmount the File System:

sudo umount /mnt/xfs_data

Additional Tips

Check File System Type:

sudo blkid /dev/sdb1

View Mounted File Systems:

df -h

Check Disk Usage:

du -sh /mnt/mydata

Repair File Systems:
- EXT4:

sudo fsck.ext4 /dev/sdb1

XFS:

sudo xfs_repair /dev/sdb1

Conclusion

Creating, mounting, unmounting, and using VFAT, EXT4, and XFS file systems are essential skills for system administration. Mastery of these tasks ensures efficient and flexible disk management, which is crucial for the RHCSA exam.

These notes should help you understand how to create, mount, unmount, and use VFAT, EXT4, and XFS file systems for the RHCSA exam.

05.2 – Mount and unmount network file systems using NFS

Overview

Network File System (NFS) allows a system to share directories and files with others over a network. This guide covers how to mount and unmount NFS shares, which is a crucial skill for system administration.

Prerequisites

Ensure the NFS server is set up and the NFS service is running.
The client system should have the nfs-utils package installed.

Install `nfs-utils`

sudo yum install nfs-utils

Mounting NFS File Systems

Step 1: Identify the NFS Share

Determine the NFS share you want to mount. This information is typically provided by the NFS server administrator.

Example NFS Share:

nfs-server:/exported/directory

Step 2: Create a Mount Point

Create a directory on the client system where the NFS share will be mounted.

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/nfs_share

Step 3: Mount the NFS Share

Use the mount command to mount the NFS share.

Syntax

sudo mount -t nfs <nfs_server>:<exported_directory> <mount_point>

Example

sudo mount -t nfs nfs-server:/exported/directory /mnt/nfs_share

Step 4: Verify the Mount

Check if the NFS share is mounted:

df -h /mnt/nfs_share

Sample Output:

Filesystem                     Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
nfs-server:/exported/directory  100G   1G   99G   1%  /mnt/nfs_share

Making the Mount Permanent

To ensure the NFS share is mounted at boot, add an entry to /etc/fstab.

Edit `/etc/fstab`

sudo nano /etc/fstab

Add the NFS Entry

nfs-server:/exported/directory  /mnt/nfs_share  nfs  defaults  0  0

Apply Changes

Mount all file systems listed in /etc/fstab:

sudo mount -a

Verify the Mount

Check if the NFS share is mounted:

df -h /mnt/nfs_share

Unmounting NFS File Systems

Step 1: Unmount the NFS Share

Use the umount command to unmount the NFS share.

sudo umount /mnt/nfs_share

Step 2: Verify the Unmount

Ensure the NFS share is no longer mounted:

df -h /mnt/nfs_share

Practical Examples

Example 1: Mount an NFS Share Temporarily

Create a Mount Point:

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/nfs_temp

Mount the NFS Share:

sudo mount -t nfs nfs-server:/exported/temp /mnt/nfs_temp

Verify the Mount:

df -h /mnt/nfs_temp

Unmount the NFS Share:

sudo umount /mnt/nfs_temp

Example 2: Mount an NFS Share Permanently

Create a Mount Point:sudo mkdir -p /mnt/nfs_permanent
Edit /etc/fstab:sudo nano /etc/fstab
Add the NFS Entry:nfs-server:/exported/permanent /mnt/nfs_permanent nfs defaults 0 0
Mount All File Systems:sudo mount -a
Verify the Mount:df -h /mnt/nfs_permanent

Additional Tips

Check NFS Server Exports:On the NFS server, view the exported directories:

sudo exportfs -v

Mount Options:
- ro: Mount the NFS share as read-only.rw: Mount the NFS share as read-write.noexec: Prevent execution of binaries on the mounted file system.nosuid: Ignore set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier bits.
Example with Options:

sudo mount -t nfs -o rw,noexec,nosuid nfs-server:/exported/directory /mnt/nfs_share

Troubleshooting:
- Check Mount Status:

sudo mount | grep nfs

View NFS Logs:

sudo journalctl -u nfs

Unmounting Busy File Systems:If the NFS share is busy, use fuser to identify processes using the mount point:

sudo fuser -m /mnt/nfs_share

Then, force unmount:

sudo umount -l /mnt/nfs_share

Conclusion

Mounting and unmounting NFS file systems is a crucial skill for managing networked storage in Linux environments. Mastery of these tasks ensures efficient and reliable access to shared resources, which is essential for the RHCSA exam.

These notes should help you understand how to mount and unmount network file systems using NFS for the RHCSA exam.

05.3 – Configure autofs

Overview

Autofs is a service in Linux that automatically mounts and unmounts file systems as needed. It is particularly useful for mounting network file systems like NFS on demand, reducing the need for manual mounting and unmounting.

Installing Autofs

Step 1: Install the Autofs Package

Ensure the autofs package is installed on your system.

sudo yum install autofs

Configuring Autofs

Step 2: Edit the Master Map File

The master map file /etc/auto.master defines the top-level directories that autofs will manage.

sudo nano /etc/auto.master

Example Entry in `/etc/auto.master`

/mnt/nfs /etc/auto.nfs --timeout=600

/mnt/nfs: The directory where autofs will mount the file systems.
/etc/auto.nfs: The map file that contains the mount points and options.
--timeout=600: The time (in seconds) after which an idle mount will be unmounted.

Step 3: Create the Map File

Create the map file referenced in /etc/auto.master. This file contains the specific mount points and options.

sudo nano /etc/auto.nfs

Example Entries in `/etc/auto.nfs`

share1 -fstype=nfs,rw nfs-server:/exported/share1
share2 -fstype=nfs,ro nfs-server:/exported/share2

share1: The directory under /mnt/nfs where the NFS share will be mounted.
-fstype=nfs,rw: The file system type and mount options.
nfs-server:/exported/share1: The NFS server and exported directory.

Step 4: Start and Enable the Autofs Service

Start the autofs service and enable it to start at boot.

sudo systemctl start autofs
sudo systemctl enable autofs

Step 5: Verify the Configuration

Check the status of the autofs service to ensure it is running.

sudo systemctl status autofs

Using Autofs

Accessing the Mount Points

When you access the directory specified in the master map file, autofs will automatically mount the file system.

ls /mnt/nfs/share1

Verifying the Mount

Check if the file system is mounted.

df -h /mnt/nfs/share1

Sample Output:

Filesystem                     Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
nfs-server:/exported/share1    100G   1G   99G   1%  /mnt/nfs/share1

Unmounting Idle File Systems

Autofs will automatically unmount file systems after the specified timeout period if they are not in use.

Practical Examples

Example 1: Configure Autofs for NFS Shares

Edit the Master Map File:

sudo nano /etc/auto.master

Add the following entry:

/mnt/nfs /etc/auto.nfs --timeout=600

Create the Map File:

sudo nano /etc/auto.nfs

Add the following entries:

share1 -fstype=nfs,rw nfs-server:/exported/share1
share2 -fstype=nfs,ro nfs-server:/exported/share2

Start and Enable Autofs:

sudo systemctl start autofssudo systemctl enable autofs

Access the Mount Points:

ls /mnt/nfs/share1

Verify the Mount:

df -h /mnt/nfs/share1

Example 2: Configure Autofs for Local Directories

Edit the Master Map File:

sudo nano /etc/auto.master

Add the following entry:

/mnt/local /etc/auto.local --timeout=300

Create the Map File:

sudo nano /etc/auto.local

Add the following entries:

data1 -fstype=ext4 :/dev/sdb1
data2 -fstype=xfs :/dev/sdc1

Start and Enable Autofs:

sudo systemctl start autofs
sudo systemctl enable autofs

Access the Mount Points:

ls /mnt/local/data1

Verify the Mount:

df -h /mnt/local/data1

Additional Tips

Reload Autofs Configuration:If you make changes to the configuration files, reload the autofs service:

sudo systemctl reload autofs

Debugging Autofs:Enable verbose logging for troubleshooting:

sudo automount -f -v

Check Active Mounts:List currently active autofs mounts:

sudo automount -m

Unmount Manually:If needed, manually unmount an autofs mount point:

sudo umount /mnt/nfs/share1

Conclusion

Configuring autofs allows for automatic mounting and unmounting of file systems, which simplifies the management of network and local storage. Mastery of autofs configuration is essential for efficient system administration and is a key competency for the RHCSA exam.

These notes should help you understand how to configure autofs for the RHCSA exam.

05.4 – Extend existing logical volumes

Overview

Extending logical volumes (LVs) allows you to increase the size of a file system to accommodate more data. This process involves extending the LV and then resizing the file system to use the additional space. This guide covers the steps to extend LVs in a non-destructive manner.

Prerequisites

Ensure there is enough free space in the volume group (VG) to extend the logical volume.
Backup important data before making changes to disk partitions or logical volumes.

Steps to Extend a Logical Volume

Step 1: Check Available Space in the Volume Group

Use the vgs command to check the available space in the volume group.

sudo vgs

Sample Output:

VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
vg_data    2   3   0 wz--n- 100.00g 20.00g

Step 2: Extend the Logical Volume

Use the lvextend command to extend the logical volume.

Syntax

sudo lvextend -L +<size> <lv_path>

-L +<size>: The amount of space to add to the logical volume (e.g., +10G for 10 GB).
<lv_path>: The path to the logical volume (e.g., /dev/vg_data/lv_data).

Example

Extend the logical volume by 10 GB:

sudo lvextend -L +10G /dev/vg_data/lv_data

Sample Output:

Size of logical volume vg_data/lv_data changed from 20.00 GiB (5120 extents) to 30.00 GiB (7680 extents).
  Logical volume vg_data/lv_data successfully resized.

Step 3: Resize the File System

After extending the logical volume, resize the file system to use the additional space.

For EXT4 File Systems

sudo resize2fs /dev/vg_data/lv_data

Sample Output:

resize2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_data/lv_data is mounted on /mnt/data; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/vg_data/lv_data is now 7864320 (4k) blocks long.

For XFS File Systems

sudo xfs_growfs /mnt/data

Sample Output:

meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1310720 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0

         =                       reflink=1

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=5242880, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1

log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

data blocks changed from 5242880 to 7864320

Step 4: Verify the Changes

Check the size of the logical volume and the file system to ensure they have been resized correctly.

Verify Logical Volume Size

sudo lvs

Sample Output:

  LV       VG       Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  lv_data  vg_data  -wi-ao----  30.00g

Verify File System Size

df -h /mnt/data

Sample Output:

Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_data-lv_data    30G   1G   29G   4%  /mnt/data

Practical Examples

Example 1: Extend an EXT4 Logical Volume

Check Available Space in the Volume Group:

sudo vgs

Extend the Logical Volume by 5 GB:

sudo lvextend -L +5G /dev/vg_data/lv_data

Resize the EXT4 File System:

sudo resize2fs /dev/vg_data/lv_data

Verify the Changes:

sudo lvsdf -h /mnt/data

Example 2: Extend an XFS Logical Volume

Check Available Space in the Volume Group:

sudo vgs

Extend the Logical Volume by 10 GB:

sudo lvextend -L +10G /dev/vg_data/lv_data

Resize the XFS File System:

sudo xfs_growfs /mnt/data

Verify the Changes:

sudo lvsdf -h /mnt/data

Additional Tips

Check Free Space in Volume Group:

sudo vgdisplay vg_data | grep "Free  PE"

Extend Logical Volume to Use All Free Space:

sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg_data/lv_data

Monitor Disk Usage:Use df -h and lvs to monitor disk usage and logical volume status.
Backup Data:Always have recent backups before resizing logical volumes.

Conclusion

Extending existing logical volumes allows for flexible and dynamic disk management in Linux. Mastery of these tasks ensures efficient utilization of storage resources, which is essential for the RHCSA exam.

These notes should help you understand how to extend existing logical volumes for the RHCSA exam.

05.6 – Create and configure set-GID directories for collaboration

Overview

Set-GID (Set Group ID) directories are used to facilitate collaboration by ensuring that files created within the directory inherit the group ownership of the directory. This is useful in environments where multiple users need to share and collaborate on files.

Creating a Set-GID Directory

Step 1: Create the Directory

Create a directory that will be used for collaboration.

sudo mkdir /shared

Step 2: Set the Group Ownership

Change the group ownership of the directory to a specific group that all collaborating users are members of.

sudo chown :collaborators /shared

Replace collaborators with the name of the group.

Step 3: Set the Set-GID Bit

Set the Set-GID bit on the directory to ensure that files created within the directory inherit the group ownership.

sudo chmod 2775 /shared

2: Sets the Set-GID bit.
7: Sets read, write, and execute permissions for the owner.
7: Sets read, write, and execute permissions for the group.
5: Sets read and execute permissions for others.

Verify the Set-GID Bit

Use the ls -ld command to verify that the Set-GID bit is set.

ls -ld /shared

Sample Output:

drwxrwsr-x. 2 root collaborators 4096 Oct  1 12:00 /shared

The s in the group permissions indicates that the Set-GID bit is set.

Adding Users to the Group

Step 1: Create the Group (If Necessary)

If the group does not already exist, create it.

sudo groupadd collaborators

Step 2: Add Users to the Group

Add users to the group to grant them access to the shared directory.

sudo usermod -aG collaborators user1
sudo usermod -aG collaborators user2

Replace user1 and user2 with the usernames of the collaborating users.

Verify Group Membership

Use the groups command to verify that the users are members of the group.

groups user1

Sample Output:

user1 : user1 collaborators

Configuring Default Permissions

Step 1: Set Default ACLs

Set default Access Control Lists (ACLs) to ensure that new files and directories created within the shared directory have the correct permissions.

sudo setfacl -d -m g::rwx /shared

sudo setfacl -d -m o::rx /shared

-d: Sets default ACLs.
-m: Modifies the ACL.
g::rwx: Grants read, write, and execute permissions to the group.
o::rx: Grants read and execute permissions to others.

Verify Default ACLs

Use the getfacl command to verify the default ACLs.

getfacl /shared

Sample Output:

# file: shared
# owner: root
# group: collaborators
user::rwx
group::rwx
other::rx
default:user::rwx
default:group::rwx
default:other::rx

Practical Examples

Example 1: Create a Set-GID Directory for a Project

Create the Directory:

sudo mkdir /project

Set the Group Ownership:

sudo chown :projectteam /project

Set the Set-GID Bit:

sudo chmod 2775 /project

Add Users to the Group:

sudo usermod -aG projectteam alice
sudo usermod -aG projectteam bob

Set Default ACLs:

sudo setfacl -d -m g::rwx /project
sudo setfacl -d -m o::rx /project

Verify the Configuration:

ls -ld /projectgetfacl /project

Example 2: Create a Shared Directory for a Department

Create the Directory:

sudo mkdir /department

Set the Group Ownership:

sudo chown :deptgroup /department

Set the Set-GID Bit:

sudo chmod 2775 /department

Add Users to the Group:

sudo usermod -aG deptgroup john
sudo usermod -aG deptgroup jane

Set Default ACLs:

sudo setfacl -d -m g::rwx /department
sudo setfacl -d -m o::rx /department

Verify the Configuration:

ls -ld /departmentgetfacl /department

Additional Tips

Check Effective Permissions:Use the namei command to check the effective permissions of a path.

namei -l /shared/file.txt

Remove Users from the Group:To remove a user from the group:

sudo gpasswd -d user1 collaborators

Change Group Ownership Recursively:To change the group ownership of all files and directories within a directory:

sudo chown -R :collaborators /shared

Set Default ACLs Recursively:To set default ACLs for all existing files and directories within a directory:

sudo setfacl -R -d -m g::rwx /shared
sudo setfacl -R -d -m o::rx /shared

Conclusion

Creating and configuring set-GID directories facilitates collaboration by ensuring that files created within the directory inherit the group ownership. This setup is essential for shared environments and is a key competency for the RHCSA exam.

These notes should help you understand how to create and configure set-GID directories for collaboration for the RHCSA exam

05.7 – Diagnose and correct file permission problems

Overview

File permissions in Linux control the access levels for files and directories. Diagnosing and correcting file permission problems is crucial for maintaining system security and functionality. This guide covers common permission issues and how to resolve them.

Understanding File Permissions

Permission Types

Read (r): Allows reading the contents of a file or listing the contents of a directory.
Write (w): Allows modifying the contents of a file or adding/removing files in a directory.
Execute (x): Allows executing a file or accessing a directory.

Permission Representation

Permissions are represented in three sets: owner, group, and others.

Example: -rwxr-xr--
- -: File type (e.g., - for regular file, d for directory).
- rwx: Owner permissions.
- r-x: Group permissions.
- r--: Others permissions.

Viewing Permissions

Use the ls -l command to view file and directory permissions.

ls -l /path/to/file

Sample Output:

-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 1234 Oct  1 12:00 file.txt

Diagnosing Permission Problems

Common Permission Issues

Permission Denied: User does not have the required permissions to access a file or directory.
Incorrect Group Ownership: User is not part of the group that owns the file or directory.
Missing Execute Permission: Script or directory cannot be executed or accessed.

Checking Permissions

Check File Permissions:

ls -l /path/to/file

Check Directory Permissions:

ls -ld /path/to/directory

Check Group Membership:

groups username

Check Effective Permissions:Use the namei command to check the effective permissions of a path.

namei -l /path/to/file

Correcting Permission Problems

Changing Permissions

Use the chmod command to change file and directory permissions.

Syntax

chmod [options] mode file

mode: The new permissions (e.g., 755 or u+rwx,g+rx,o+r).

Examples

Grant Read, Write, and Execute Permissions to the Owner:

chmod u+rwx /path/to/file

Grant Read and Execute Permissions to the Group:

chmod g+rx /path/to/file

Set Permissions Using Numeric Mode:

chmod 755 /path/to/file

Changing Ownership

Use the chown command to change the owner and group of a file or directory.

Syntax

chown [options] owner:group file

Examples

Change the Owner:

sudo chown user /path/to/file

Change the Group:

sudo chown :group /path/to/file

Change Both Owner and Group:

sudo chown user:group /path/to/file

Changing Group Ownership

Use the chgrp command to change the group ownership of a file or directory.

Syntax

chgrp [options] group file

Example

sudo chgrp group /path/to/file

Practical Examples

Example 1: Fixing “Permission Denied” Error

Diagnose the Problem:

ls -l /path/to/file

Sample Output:

-rw-r----- 1 user group 1234 Oct  1 12:00 file.txt

Grant Read Permission to Others:

chmod o+r /path/to/file

Verify the Change:

ls -l /path/to/file

Example 2: Fixing Incorrect Group Ownership

Diagnose the Problem:

ls -l /path/to/file

Sample Output:

-rw-rw-r-- 1 user wronggroup 1234 Oct  1 12:00 file.txt

Change the Group Ownership:

sudo chown :correctgroup /path/to/file

Verify the Change:

ls -l /path/to/file

Example 3: Fixing Missing Execute Permission

Diagnose the Problem:

ls -l /path/to/script.sh

Sample Output:

-rw-r--r-- 1 user group 1234 Oct  1 12:00 script.sh

Grant Execute Permission to the Owner:

chmod u+x /path/to/script.sh

Verify the Change:

ls -l /path/to/script.sh

Additional Tips

Recursive Permission Changes:Use the -R option to change permissions recursively.

sudo chmod -R 755 /path/to/directory

Check Effective Permissions:Use the namei command to check the effective permissions of a path.

namei -l /path/to/file

Use sudo for Root Privileges:If you encounter permission issues as a regular user, use sudo to execute commands with root privileges.

sudo chmod 755 /path/to/file

Set Default Permissions with umask:Use the umask command to set default permissions for new files and directories.

umask 022

Conclusion

Diagnosing and correcting file permission problems is essential for maintaining system security and functionality. Mastery of these tasks ensures that users have the appropriate access to files and directories, which is crucial for the RHCSA exam.

These notes should help you understand how to diagnose and correct file permission problems for the RHCSA exam.

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05.1 – Create, mount, unmount, and use vfat, ext4, and xfs file systems

Overview

Creating File Systems

VFAT (FAT32)

Create a VFAT File System

EXT4

Create an EXT4 File System

XFS

Create an XFS File System

Mounting File Systems

Create a Mount Point

Mount the File System

Mount VFAT

Mount EXT4

Mount XFS

Verify the Mount

Unmounting File Systems

Unmount the File System

Verify the Unmount

Using File Systems

VFAT

EXT4

XFS

Making Mounts Permanent

Edit /etc/fstab

Add Entries

VFAT

EXT4

XFS

Apply Changes

Practical Examples

Example 1: Create and Use a VFAT File System

Example 2: Create and Use an EXT4 File System

Example 3: Create and Use an XFS File System

Additional Tips

Conclusion

05.2 – Mount and unmount network file systems using NFS

Overview

Prerequisites

Install nfs-utils

Mounting NFS File Systems

Step 1: Identify the NFS Share

Step 2: Create a Mount Point

Step 3: Mount the NFS Share

Syntax

Example

Step 4: Verify the Mount

Making the Mount Permanent

Edit /etc/fstab

Add the NFS Entry

Apply Changes

Verify the Mount

Unmounting NFS File Systems

Step 1: Unmount the NFS Share

Step 2: Verify the Unmount

Practical Examples

Example 1: Mount an NFS Share Temporarily

Example 2: Mount an NFS Share Permanently

Additional Tips

Conclusion

05.3 – Configure autofs

Overview

Installing Autofs

Step 1: Install the Autofs Package

Configuring Autofs

Step 2: Edit the Master Map File

Example Entry in /etc/auto.master

Step 3: Create the Map File

Example Entries in /etc/auto.nfs

Step 4: Start and Enable the Autofs Service

Step 5: Verify the Configuration

Using Autofs

Accessing the Mount Points

Verifying the Mount

Unmounting Idle File Systems

Practical Examples

Example 1: Configure Autofs for NFS Shares

Example 2: Configure Autofs for Local Directories

Additional Tips

Conclusion

Edit `/etc/fstab`

Install `nfs-utils`

Edit `/etc/fstab`

Example Entry in `/etc/auto.master`

Example Entries in `/etc/auto.nfs`